The usefulness of abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral drainage for parapharyngeal abscess concomitant with peritonsillar abscess in the elderly

Parapharyngeal abscess (PPA) may cause life-threatening complications and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and tonsillitis frequently precede PPA. The optimal management of PPA caused by PTA has been the subject of debate with respect to the surgical approach. We present three cases of PPA concomitant with PTA in elderly patients. In two cases, the abscesses in parapharyngeal space were drained by abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed. On the other hand, the third case did not undergo abscess tonsillectomy because of his refusal of surgery and needed extraoral drainage after the aggravation of PPA. Based on the experience of those three cases, it was suggested that abscess tonsillectomy followed by intraoral incision of the tonsillar bed might be a useful surgical approach for the drainage of PPA concomitant with PTA, especially in elderly patients.     

基于雨课堂的临床流行病学教学改革与实践

目的探讨雨课堂在临床流行病学教学中的作用和效果。方法采用随机对照法在本科阶段无流行病学学习经历的临床专业硕士研究生中,使用雨课堂线上课前预习及课后随堂练习的功能,用于评价雨课堂线上功能的辅助教学效果。结果应用雨课堂线上功能干预组与对照组在基线、阶段小测和末考卷面成绩均无统计学差异;但对于主动学习,雨课堂参与度较高的学生成绩提高明显。结论雨课堂有利于理论性较强课程的学习,但是仍不能忽略课堂教学师生互动过程。     

Two cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess necessitating liver resection for effective treatment

We report two British cases of liver abscess, due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and associated with synchronous infection elsewhere, which required liver resection for definitive treatment. They illustrate the geographic spread of aggressive K pneumoniae liver infection and demonstrate the importance of early aggressive treatment.     

Infections and foreign bodies in ENT

Infections of the ear, nose and throat are common. The majority of these infections are managed by the primary care physicians and they settle with conservative and medical management. However, a small group can progress to become troublesome and develop complications to the extent that they may require surgical intervention. Some of the infections can lead to life-threatening complications, therefore awareness and correct diagnosis along with appropriate management is paramount. Foreign bodies in the ear, nose and throat are commonly encountered. The location and type of foreign body can have an implication on the urgency of action and the possible complications. In this article the common ENT infections and foreign bodies and their management are discussed.     

The detection and management of complications following the treatment of liver metastases

While once considered as incurable systemic disease, treatment options for liver metastases have increased over the last 30 years and safety has improved dramatically, such that for a selected group of patients the hope of cure can now be offered with radical treatment, and low morbidity interventions can be offered which prolong survival, even in patients with more widely disseminated disease. Advances have been made in selection and surgical technique for liver resection and several adjuncts to resection now exist in the form of portal vein embolization, thermal ablation and targeted drug or radiotherapy delivery options. A natural consequence of these developments has been the delivery of services within fewer specialist units, with the result that later complications of therapy may present to local hospitals, rather than directly to the specialist centres. This article will describe the current common liver-directed therapies and outline the presentation and management of their complications.     

针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎临床研究

目的观察肛窦炎应用针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗的效果。方法选取2017年10月-2018年10月就诊的72例肛窦炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=36)与对照组(n=36)。对照组给予肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,观察组为针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗,比较2组症状、疗效及安全性。结果观察组症状(放射痛、指诊症状及镜检症状)少于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组安全性相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针对肛窦炎患者,予以针刺配合肠炎散保留灌肠治疗效果确切,可减少临床症状,加快疾病转归,且治疗安全性较好。     

多体素1H-MRS对脑胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑脓肿的鉴别诊断研究

目的 探讨多体素氢质子磁共振波谱（^1H-MRS）在脑胶质瘤、单发转移瘤、体积较大脑脓肿鉴别诊断中的应用价值及胶质瘤瘤体周围的微观结构的改变。资料与方法 搜集脑胶质瘤26例、单发转移瘤9例、大体积脑脓肿4例，均行^1H-MRS检查。比较脑胶质瘤与单发转移瘤瘤体及瘤周胆碱（Cho）／N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、Cho／肌酐类物质（Cr）、NAA／Cr值的差别，并做统计学分析；用HE染色、免疫组织化学、电镜检查等重点观察胶质瘤瘤周微观结构改变。结果 各个级别的胶质瘤与单发转移瘤瘤体之间Cho／NAA值分别为3．14±1．61和2．46±0．83，Cho／Cr值分别为2．57±0．93和2．90±1．93、NAA／Cr值分别为0．96±0．53和1．21±0．80，差异均无明显统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）；而瘤周之间的上述比值为1．74±0．98和0．98±0．23，1．72±0．51和1．09±0．35．1．11±0．30和1．11±0．25，除NAA／Cr外均有明显统计学意义（P值〈0．05）。脑脓肿内部出现特征性波谱，扩散加权成像（DWI）上脓腔显示为高信号。胶质瘤瘤周在光镜及电镜下发现已有瘤细胞浸润。结论 使用多体素^1H-MRS结合常规MRI可鉴别胶质瘤、单发转移瘤、不典型脑脓肿，胶质瘤的瘤细胞可以通过毛细血管转移浸润至瘤周。     

垂体脓肿的诊断与治疗(附10例报告)

目的探讨垂体脓肿的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析10例垂体脓肿的病史、临床表现、影像学表现、手术记录和随访结果。结果8例早期出现尿崩症,影像学表现为MRI检查T1像等信号或低信号,T2像等信号或高信号,环行强化,5例垂体柄增粗50%,随访6个月至4年,均未见复发。结论早期尿崩症、垂体柄增粗和环形强化的囊性病灶应首先怀疑垂体脓肿,早期诊断、及时手术和合理的抗生素治疗是提高垂体脓肿预后的关键。